Republican · 1901–1909
Theodore Roosevelt
Trust regulation, conservation, a strong executive, and an imperial navy.
Theodore Roosevelt was president 1901–1909. The party color on the chart is Republican. Early presidents are not forced into today’s party names. The placement note is: Trust regulation, conservation, a strong executive, and an imperial navy.
The dot is economics -8 and authority +40. That is near the middle on economics. The other axis sits toward authority. Color and place are allowed to disagree. Theodore Roosevelt sits left of Grover Cleveland on economics.
What was said, and what the administration did, are filed separately. Said: A square deal: trusts that served the public, conservation, and a navy. Done: Antitrust cases, parks, the Pure Food Act, and a canal. The imperial half was not a side note. Where those two sentences pull apart, the dot follows the governing record, not the slogan.
The nearest other presidents on these two numbers are Richard Nixon (1969–1974, +6 / +42) and Andrew Johnson (1865–1869, +6 / +44). A small distance can join people who would have disliked each other. The chart is a compression, not a claim that they were alike.
Presidents are not placed with the Voteview roll-call score used for the current Congress. Two axes cannot carry a war, a court, a tariff, and a civil-rights record as separate facts.