Democrat · 1865–1869
Andrew Johnson
Fought Congressional Reconstruction. Impeached, acquitted, and a brake on Black citizenship.
Andrew Johnson was president 1865–1869. The party color on the chart is Democrat. Early presidents are not forced into today’s party names. The placement note is: Fought Congressional Reconstruction. Impeached, acquitted, and a brake on Black citizenship.
The dot is economics +6 and authority +44. That is near the middle on economics. The other axis sits toward authority. Color and place are allowed to disagree. Theodore Roosevelt sits left of Grover Cleveland on economics.
What was said, and what the administration did, are filed separately. Said: A quick restoration of the Southern states, with white men governing them. Done: He vetoed civil-rights bills and was impeached. Congress overrode him. Where those two sentences pull apart, the dot follows the governing record, not the slogan.
The nearest other presidents on these two numbers are Richard Nixon (1969–1974, +6 / +42) and James K. Polk (1845–1849, +12 / +38). A small distance can join people who would have disliked each other. The chart is a compression, not a claim that they were alike.
Presidents are not placed with the Voteview roll-call score used for the current Congress. Two axes cannot carry a war, a court, a tariff, and a civil-rights record as separate facts.