Senator, Massachusetts · 1851–1874
Charles Sumner
Abolitionist and Radical Republican. Beaten on the Senate floor for a speech against slavery.
Charles Sumner is on the former-members chart, not the current Congress. The office on file is Senator, Massachusetts, 1851–1874. The placement note is: Abolitionist and Radical Republican. Beaten on the Senate floor for a speech against slavery.
The dot is economics -6 and authority -4. That is near the middle on economics. The other axis sits near the middle. Former members are placed from the public career, not from a 119th Congress Voteview score.
Said: Slavery is a crime, and the Senate should say so. Done: He said so, was caned for it, and lived to vote for the Reconstruction amendments. The placement follows what the career did when the two diverge.
The nearest other former members on these two numbers are George W. Norris (-8 / -6) and Daniel Patrick Moynihan (-8 / +4). Nearness is not a school of thought.
This page does not add votes that are not in the placement note. The bills themselves are in the Congressional Record for those years.